余怒涛, 周子雨, 杨张萌. 耐心资本与企业竞争战略J. 证券市场导报, 2026, (10): 3-14, 42.
引用本文: 余怒涛, 周子雨, 杨张萌. 耐心资本与企业竞争战略J. 证券市场导报, 2026, (10): 3-14, 42.
Yu Nutao, Zhou Ziyu, Yang Zhangmeng. Patient Capital and Corporate Competitive StrategyJ. Securities Market Herald, 2026, (10): 3-14, 42.
Citation: Yu Nutao, Zhou Ziyu, Yang Zhangmeng. Patient Capital and Corporate Competitive StrategyJ. Securities Market Herald, 2026, (10): 3-14, 42.

耐心资本与企业竞争战略

Patient Capital and Corporate Competitive Strategy

  • 摘要: 差异化竞争战略有助于企业形成技术壁垒、增强盈余持续性,但存在前期投入大、回报周期长、收益不确定等问题,耐心资本能否促进企业使用差异化竞争战略值得研究。本文以沪深A股上市公司为样本,研究发现耐心资本能够促进企业实施差异化竞争战略,该效应在竞争激烈行业、采取非增长导向发展战略企业、处于成长期和衰退期企业中更显著。作用机制一是缓解企业融资约束,通过直接注入资金、发挥积极信号吸引其他投资者、参与公司治理降低信息不对称等方式,为企业提供长期稳定的资金支持;二是抑制管理层的短视行为,通过缓解管理层的短期业绩考核压力,为管理层提供行业前沿信息和汇聚各类研发要素,引导管理层追求差异化竞争战略;三是提升企业风险承担水平,通过设立专项风险补偿基金等方式与企业形成风险共担机制,以及参与公司治理提升企业识别、评估和管理风险的能力,推动企业选择高附加值的差异化竞争路径。经济后果检验表明,耐心资本在促进企业实施差异化竞争战略后,进一步助力企业获得市场竞争优势。本文不仅丰富了企业竞争战略领域相关研究,也为企业引入耐心资本提供了依据。

     

    Abstract: A differentiation-based competitive strategy helps firms build technological barriers and enhance earnings persistence, yet it entails substantial upfront investment, long payback periods, and uncertain returns. Whether patient capital can promote firms' adoption of differentiation-based competitive strategies thus merits investigation. Using a sample of Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies, this study finds that patient capital promotes firms' implementation of differentiation-based competitive strategies, and this effect is more pronounced among firms in highly competitive industries, firms pursuing non-growth-oriented development strategies, and firms in the growth and decline phases. The underlying mechanisms are threefold. First, patient capital alleviates firms' financing constraints by directly injecting funds, exerting a positive signaling effect to attract other investors, and participating in corporate governance to reduce information asymmetry, thereby providing firms with long-term and stable financial support. Second, it curbs managerial myopia by relieving the pressure of short-term performance evaluation on the management, providing managers with cutting-edge industry information, and consolidating various R & D resources, thereby guiding management toward the pursuit of differentiation-based competitive strategies. Third, it enhances corporate risk-taking by establishing dedicated risk compensation funds to form a risk-sharing mechanism with firms, and by participating in corporate governance to improve firms' capacity to identify, assess, and manage risks, thereby encouraging firms to choose high-value-added differentiation pathways. Economic consequence tests indicate that, after promoting firms' implementation of differentiation-based competitive strategies, patient capital further helps firms gain market competitive advantages. This study not only enriches the research on corporate competitive strategy but also provides a basis for firms to introduce patient capital.

     

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